汉译英中常见四字结构的翻译
的有关信息介绍如下:在汉语中有很多类似成语的四字结构,它们没有成语那么深的寓意,但表达形式很像成语,令很多翻译初学者头疼,其实很多时候我们遇到这种结构是不要想太多,准确理解其真正含义,用相应的英语单词或者表达翻译就是了。一般四字格中总会有两个词语组成一个汉语词语,看前后两个字组成的词语的逻辑关系来采用不同的方法来翻译即可,但切记先得判断清楚四节结构的词类以及前后两个词组的关系。
(一)并列关系,这一类四字结构的特点是前后两个词组是并列关系,
且词类相同,只须用语义合词类对应的英语表达即可。
名山大川famousmountainsandgreatrivers
名胜古迹scenicspotsandhistoricalsites
湖光山色landscapeoflakesandhills
青山绿水greenhillsandclearwaters
奇松怪石strangely-shapedpinesandgrotesquerockformations
平等互利equalityandmutualbenefit
扬长避短playupstrengthsandavoidweaknesses
反腐倡廉fightcorruptionandbuildacleangovernment
简政放权streamlineadministrationandinstitutedecentralization
集思广益drawoncollectivewisdomandabsorballusefulideas
国泰民安thecountryflourishandthepeopleliveinpeaceandharmony
政通人和thegovernmentfunctionswellandpeoplecooperatewell
国计民生nationalwelfareandthepeople’slivelihood
辞旧迎新bidfarewelltotheoldyearandusherinthenew
徇私舞弊bendthelawforpersonalgainandengageinfraud
流连忘返lingeronwithnothoughtofleavingforhome
国际局势复杂多变thecomplexandvolatileinternationalsituation
开拓进取blazenewtrailsandforgeahead
求同存异seekcommongroundwhileshelvingdifferences
(二)语意重叠,对于此类结构,只需翻译其中一项语义就行。
广袤无垠的中华大地theboundlessexpanseoftheChineseterritory
高瞻远瞩的决策avisionary/far-sighteddecision
贯彻落实重大决策carryout/implementaseriesofmajorpolicydecisions
层峦叠嶂peaksrisingoneafteranother
优胜劣汰survivalofthefittest
延年益寿prolongone’slife
灵丹妙药panacea/miraculouscure
长治久安alongperiodofstability
求真务实pragmatic
审时度势sizeupthetrendofevents
招商引资attractinvestment
誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned
功在当代,利在千秋intheinterestofthecurrentandfuturegenerations
继往开来,承前启后(continuethepastandopenupthefuture)breaknewgroundforthefuture
路遥知马力,日久见人心Timewilltell.
吃的苦中苦,方知甜中甜nosweetwithoutsweat
车到山前必有路,船到桥头自然直intheendthingsmend/there’salwaysawayout
急功近利eagerforinstantsuccessandquickprofits
大黑扫黄crackdownonganglandandpornography
德高望重ofhighabilityandintegrity
互利互补mutuallycomplementaryandbeneficial
互谅互让mutualunderstandingandaccommodation
遵纪守法observetherelevantcodeofconductandthelaw
(三)目的关系,对于目的关系的可以采用动词不定式或者介词短语来表达
目的状语。
减员增效downsize(andcutpayroll)toimproveefficiency(forefficiency)
退耕还林returncultivatedlandtoforestorpastures
集资办学raisemoneytosetupnewschools
结党营私formcliquesforprivategain
扭亏为盈turnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone
(四)途径方式,可以采用介词through,accordingto,with等介词短语表达相应的方式状语。
寓教于乐teachthroughlivelyactivities
因材施教teachstudentsaccordingtotheiraptitude
按劳分配distributionaccordingtoperformance
以商养文support/sponsorculturalactivitieswiththeprofitsfromdoingbusiness
(五)偏正词组,对于偏正关系的四字格必有一主一次,将其中一个词语
处理为修饰性成分,而将另外一个处理为中心词。
廉洁奉公honestlyperformone’sofficialduties
环境绿化environmentalgreening
超前消费prematureconsumption;Over-consume;excessiveconsumption
以强凌弱thestrongdomineeringovertheweak
以人为本peopleforemost;People-oriented
(六)动宾关系
优势互补complementeachother’sadvantages
自主经营,自负盈亏makeone’sownmanagementdecisions,
takefullresponsibilityforone’sownprofitsandlosses
(七)条件关系
不进则退noprogresssimplymeansregression.
(八)省略意象
瞻前顾后overcautiousandindecisive
源远流长havealonghistory
呕心沥血sparenoefforts
画龙点睛bringoutthecrucialpoint
花天酒地goontheloose
汗马功劳exploits
闻名遐迩famous
独具匠心original
中流砥柱mainstay,chiefcornerstone
鱼米之乡alandofmilkandhoney
世外桃源ahavenofpeace
浩如烟海的文化典籍numerousvolumesofliterature